Resources

• Resources
  • Introductory material
  • Video presentations
  • Advanced material
    • Overviews
    • Advanced technical write-ups
    • EIPs
    • Measurements & Metrics

Over the past years, many articles and talks have been made about stateless, mainly on the topic of Verkle Trees. With recent updates to the roadmap, we will continue expanding this section, increasing our coverage of Binary Trees as well.

Introductory material

• Why stateless? - Dankrad Feist’s introduction on his blog
• Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 4: The Verge - Vitalik’s latest update on the stateless roadmap
• Verkle Trees - Vitalik’s intro on Verkle Trees

Video presentations

• Anatomy of a stateless client - Guillaume Ballet, April 2024: an overview of how stateless improves client maintainability
• Recipes for a Stateless Ethereum - Guillaume Ballet, March 2024: a good summary of the use cases of stateless Ethereum
• Verkle Trees 101 - Guillaume Ballet, Ignacio Hagopian, Josh Rudolf, April 2024 - an overview of the EIPs used in Verkle Trees (a lot of it still current for Binary Tress)
• Verkle sync: bring a node up in minutes - Guillaume Ballet, Tanishq Jasoria, September 2023 - a presentation of how stateless clients improve sync algorithms
• The Verge: Converting the Ethereum State to Verkle Trees - Guillaume Ballet, July 2023 - a presentation of the conversion process
• Ava Labs Systems Seminar: Verkle trees for statelessness - Guillaume Ballet, October 2023 - a comprehensive overview of the states of stateless development as of October 2023
• DevCon: How Verkle Trees Make Ethereum Lean and Mean - Guillaume Ballet, Oct 2022
• Verkle Tries for Ethereum State - Dankrad Feist, Sept 2021 - PEEPanEIP presentation

Advanced material

Overviews

• Overview of tree structure - a blog post describing the structure of a Verkle Tree, which is still current with the Binary Tree proposal.
• Overview of cryptography used in Verkle
• Anatomy of a Verkle proof - same as above
• Stateless and Verkle Trees (video) - a dated presentation giving an overview of the stateless effort and Verkle Trees in particular

Advanced technical write-ups

• Inner Product Argument - Dankrad Feist
• PCS Multiproof - Dankrad Feist
• Deep dive into Circle-STARKs FFT - Ignacio Hagopian

EIPs

• EIP-6800, structure of a Verkle Tree
• EIP-4762, gas costs changes for Verkle Trees
• EIP-2935 and EIP-7709, save historical block hashes in the state
• EIP-7612 and EIP-7748, about the state tree conversion
• EIP-7864, about the proposed scheme for Binary Trees

Measurements & Metrics

• Verkle Metrics
• State Tree Preimages Generation